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A valve is a device that controls the flow of a fluid such as liquids, slurries, fluidized gases or regular gases, by opening, closing or partially obstructing some passageways. Valves are normally pipe fittings but are typically discussed as a separate category. In cases where an open valve is concerned, fluid flows in a direction from higher to lower pressure.
Various applications like for example transport, commercial, military, industrial and residential businesses make use of valves. Some of the main industries which depend on valves consist of the mining, chemical manufacturing, power generation, water reticulation, sewerage and oil and gas sector.
In every day activities, the most common valves are plumbing valves as seen because it taps for tap water. Various popular examples consist of small valves fitted to washing machines and dishwashers, gas control valves on cookers, valves in car engines and safety devices fitted to hot water systems. In nature, veins in the human body act as valves and control the blood circulation. Heart valves likewise regulate the flow of blood in the chambers of the heart and maintain the proper pumping action.
Valves can be worked in several ways. Like for example, they can be operated either by a lever, a handle or a pedal. Valves could be driven by changes in flow, temperature or pressure or they can be automatic. These changes can act upon a diaphragm or a piston which in turn activates the valve. Several popular examples of this particular type of valve are found on safety valves or boilers fitted to hot water systems.
There are more complex control systems utilizing valves that require automatic control which is based on external input. For example, controlling flow through a pipe to a changing set point. These situations usually need an actuator. An actuator will stroke the valve depending on its input and set-up, allowing the valve to be places precisely while allowing control over different needs.