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Some commercial and industrial buildings are capable of reaching heights of more than sixty stories. Obviously, while these buildings are being built, they need equally tall cranes to move the materials to the higher floors. There are cranes that are operated from the back of trucks or other types which have their own vehicle connected. Tower cranes are the biggest kinds available on the market.
Tower cranes are the stand-alone structures which are usually found on high-rise building projects. Usually, they are part of a major city's downtown skyline. When new construction such as apartment buildings and skyscrapers and commercial facilities such as shopping center are being built, chances are a crane would be on site.
Types
The two major kinds of cranes could be differentiated by the manner in which their jib or boom raises supplies. The jib is the metal frame which extends from the main section. On a flat tower crane, the jib remains horizontal when it carries things. On a luffing type of tower crane, the jib could ratchet to upward or downward angles. The lifting capacity for both types can vary from 30,000 lbs. to ten thousand pounds
Body
The crane's body is composed of a mast. This is a vertical steel frame that is a combination of individual parts. So as to increase the overall height of the machinery, sections are added. The mast extends upward to where the desired height is, to the control module, that is a small room which has glass windows on all four sides or to the tower as it is also referred to. The crane operator works from inside of the tower.
Lift
To raise materials, the crane uses a braided metal cord. The cord extends all the way to the end of the jib or boom from a motor situated next to the control module. There is a pulley system located at the end of the jib, through which the cord is positioned and lowered down. The jib that holds the cord becomes balanced by a counter jib located on the tower's opposite side. The counter jib has weights. These weights help to prevent the crane from toppling over when raising heavy supplies.
The hydraulic truck crane is a particular mobile crane which utilizes hydraulic power to lift and move thousands of pounds. Hydraulics utilizes forces being transmitted through oil pushing in opposite directions on the boom's pistons in order to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulic truck cranes are vital in building major projects such as airports, bridges, roadways and buildings. A crane can accomplish in minutes jobs which will normally take hundreds of men and lots of hours to complete.
The vast machinery are commonly utilized in the construction of cities, homes, whole nations and individual buildings throughout the ages. Even the Great Pyramids in Egypt were likely built utilizing basic cranes to allow the heaviest materials in one of the most amazing construction projects of all time.
The first representation of a crane was featured during King Ramses' reign within Egypt during 3000 B.C. This was a portrayal of a lifting mechanism that was utilized to collect water. The first official "cranes" appeared in Ancient Greece. These mechanism were used to build an entire country during the 5th century B.C.
Originally, cranes were first made out of wood. It wasn't until the designers building dockyards decided they required something stronger and larger did these equipments develop. Hick & Rothwell developed the very first cast iron cranes in 1834, in Bolton, England. This machinery can lift up to 2 tons. That same year, wire ropes were added to the crane by an Official of the German Superior Board, Herr Albert Sr. The wire rope made the crane more durable and stronger. This addition allowed cranes to have a bigger capacity to lift heavy weights.
Eventually, the wire ropes were weaved together to be able to form an even more powerful strength. This wire formation also brought the added advantage of flexibility. Germany started to build cast iron cranes 4 years later. The first cast iron crane made by Germany was built within Neuburg.
